– XML (eXtensible Markup Language)

  • XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. XML is designed to be flexible, extensible, and platform-independent, making it suitable for a wide range of applications, including data interchange, document storage, configuration files, and web services.

  • XML documents consist of structured elements and attributes enclosed in tags, similar to HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). However, unlike HTML, which is primarily used for presenting web content, XML is used for representing structured data in a generic and self-descriptive manner.

Key features of XML include:

  • 📝 Hierarchical Structure: XML documents are organized hierarchically into nested elements, allowing data to be represented in a tree-like structure. Each element can contain text, other elements, or a combination of both, enabling complex data models to be expressed.
  • 🔄 Extensibility: XML is extensible, meaning that users can define their own markup languages, document structures, and data formats using XML syntax. This allows XML to adapt to diverse use cases and accommodate evolving data requirements.
  • 🌐 Platform-Independence: XML is platform-independent, meaning that XML documents can be created, processed, and exchanged across different operating systems, programming languages, and software applications without loss of fidelity.
  • 🧩 Interoperability: XML promotes interoperability by providing a standardized format for representing structured data. XML documents can be easily parsed, validated, and transformed using XML parsers and processing tools, facilitating data exchange and integration between heterogeneous systems.
  • 📑 Well-Formedness and Validity: XML documents must adhere to certain syntax rules to be considered well-formed, such as proper nesting of elements, balanced tags, and attribute value quoting. Additionally, XML documents can be validated against XML schema definitions (XSD) to ensure their conformity to predefined rules and constraints.
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XML is widely used in various industries and domains, including web development, data interchange, document management, configuration files, and electronic publishing. It serves as a foundational technology for data representation, enabling the exchange and interoperability of structured data between different systems and applications.

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