- KEYWORDS: SQL statements are constructed using keywords such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, ALTER, DROP, and others, which define the action to be performed.
- CLAUSES: Clauses are integral parts of SQL statements that specify conditions or criteria. Common clauses include WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, HAVING, and JOIN.
- EXPRESSIONS: Expressions are used to manipulate data or perform calculations within SQL statements. Examples include arithmetic operations, string concatenation, and function calls.
- IDENTIFIERS: Identifiers are used to name database objects such as tables, columns, indexes, and aliases. They must adhere to certain naming rules and conventions.
- LITERALS: Literals are fixed values used in SQL statements, such as strings, numbers, dates, and Boolean values. They are often used as operands in comparisons or assignments.
- OPERATORS: Operators are symbols or keywords used to perform operations on data. Common operators include comparison operators (=, <>, <, >), arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /), and logical operators (AND, OR, NOT).
- COMMENTS: Comments in SQL are used to add explanatory notes or documentation within the code. They can be single-line comments starting with — or /* /, or multi-line comments enclosed within / */.
- TERMINATOR: The semicolon (;) is used as a statement terminator in SQL to indicate the end of a statement. While not always required, it is good practice to terminate each SQL statement with a semicolon.
Understanding these basic components is essential for constructing valid SQL statements and interacting effectively with databases.
🔑 Keywords: SQL, syntax, components, clauses, expressions, identifiers, literals, operators, comments, terminator.
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